Q1-1:  State the KINETIC THEORY OF MATTER.

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Q1-2:  How do you determine whether a substance is a solid, liquid, or a gas?

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A1-2: Solid: definite shape, definite volume; Liquid:  definite volume, no definite shape; gas: no definite shape or volume

Q1-3:  Solids have two things in common. What are they?

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Q1-4:  Liquids can change ….... (what?)

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Q1-5:  Gases can change two things. What are they?  

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Q1-6:  Define the term ENERGY.

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Q1-7:  Define the term TEMPERATURE.

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Q1-8:  Define the term THERMAL ENERGY.

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A1-8: the total kinetic energy of a substance's atoms.

Q1-9:  State two examples for each of the four states of matter.

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Q1-10:  Describe the relationship between temperature and kinetic energy.

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Q1-11:  Which particles have the strongest attraction between them:  the particles of a gas, a liquid,  or a solid?

A1-11: solid

Q2-1: Give the three different states of water and at what temperature these changes occur. 

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A2-1: solid -- < 32^oF; liquid -- 32^oF up to 212 ^oF; gas -- 212^oF or greater

Q2-2: Define EVAPORATION.

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Q2-3: If you evaporated water dyed with green food coloring, would the condensation you recovered from the evaporated water still be green? Why or why not?

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A2-3: No. When you evaporate water, all other molecules (including green dye) are left behind. Only pure H₂O will evaporate and only pure H₂O will condense.

Q2-4: Define SUBLIMATION.

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Q2-5: What form of precipitation occurs due to sublimation?

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Q2-6: Under what conditions will dry ice (carbon dioxide) sublimate?

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Q2-7: Define CONDENSATION.

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Q2-8:  Under what conditions might it possible for carbon dioxide (a gas at room temperature) to become a liquid?

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Q4-1: What are the 4 properties of gases?

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A4-1: Gases flow, have low density, are compressible, and expand to fill their containers.

Q4-2: Explain why the volume of a gas can change.

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A4-2: Attraction between gas particles is not strong, therefore, the volume of a gas can easily change.

Q4-3: State BOYLE'S LAW and give an example.

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A4-3: When pressure increases, volume decreases. A diver's scuba tank is a good example. A LOT of air is compressed under great pressure into a small volume.

Q4-4: What two variables are related by Boyle's Law?

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A4-4:  pressure and volume

Q4-5: State GAY-LUSSAC'S LAW and give an example.

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A4-5:  The pressure of a gas is dependent upon temperature. Example: A balloon full of heated air increases in volume.

Q4-6: If the volume of a gas is constant and temperature decreases, how does pressure change?

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A4-6: The pressure will decrease.

Q4-7: State CHARLES'S LAW and give an example.

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A4-7: For a fixed amount of gas at a constant pressure, volume increases as temperature increases, and vice versa.

Q4-8: When scientists record the volume of a gas, why do they also record the temperature and the pressure?

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A4-8: The volume of a gas can be changed by changing either the temperature or the pressure.

Q4-9: Why are liquids instead of gases used in hydraulic brakes?

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A4-9: Liquids do not compress. Gases do compress. If a hydraulic system was filled with gas, you would compress the gas, but get nothing to move.

Q4-10: Use Boyle's Law to explain why bubbled packing wrap pops when you squeeze it.

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A4-10: As the bubble is squeezed to a smaller volume, pressure inside the bubble increases until it is high enough to burst the bubble.

Q4-11: All vacuum cleaners have a high-speed fan. Explain how this fan allows the vacuum cleaner to pick up dirt.

A4-11: The fan causes air inside the vacuum cleaner to move faster, creating lower pressure. The higher pressure outside the vacuum cleaner then pushes the dirt into the vacuum cleaner.

Q5-1: What is the theory that states that all matter is made of atoms and molecules that are always  in motion?

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A5-1: Kinetic Theory

Q5-2: By determining whether the shape and volume of a substance are definite or variable you can classify matter as one of three things. What are they?

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A5-2: Solid, liquid, or gas

Q5-3: Because they are in motion, all particles have …………     …………

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A5-3: kinetic energy

Q5-4: Can the identity of a substance change during a change in state?

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A5-4:  NO!

Q5-5: A fundamental law of physical science deals with mass and energy. State the law.

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A5-5:  Mass and energy are both conserved. Neither mass nor energy can be created or destroyed.

Q5-6: List 4 properties of gases.

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A5-6: a) Low density; b) compressible; c) expand to fill their containers; d) mostly empty space.

Q5-7: For a fixed amount of gas, as the volume increases, the pressure ………….

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A5-7: decreases

Q5-8: As the pressure on a fixed amount of gas increases, the temperature ……….

A5-8: increases

Q5-9: For a fixed amount of gas at a constant pressure, as the temperature increases, the volume …………

A5-9: increases

Q5-10: Explain what happens to the pressure of a gas if the volume of the gas is TRIPLED. Assume temperature remains constant.

A5-10:  According to Boyle's law pressure and volume are inversely proportional, so as one goes up, the other goes down. If volume is tripled, pressure goes down to 1/3 its original amount.