Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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The distance from Earth’s surface to its center is about:
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a.
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6.4 km |
b.
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64 km |
c.
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640 km |
d.
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6,400 km |
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2.
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Vibrations that travel through Earth’s interior are known as:
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a.
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crust waves. |
b.
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earthquake waves. |
c.
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seismic waves. |
d.
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shock waves. |
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3.
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Seismic waves are formed from disturbances such as:
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a.
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earthquakes and human-made blasts. |
c.
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volcanoes and human-made blasts. |
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b.
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earthquakes and volcanoes. |
d.
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None of the above |
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4.
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A scientist who studies seismic waves is called a:
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a.
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seismologist. |
b.
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geologist. |
c.
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volcanologist. |
d.
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paleontologist. |
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5.
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Seismic waves that move with a forward and backward motion are called:
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a.
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S-waves. |
b.
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P-waves. |
c.
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L-waves. |
d.
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E-waves. |
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6.
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Seismic waves that move through Earth with a side-to-side motion are called:
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a.
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S-waves. |
b.
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P-waves. |
c.
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L-waves. |
d.
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E-waves. |
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7.
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S-waves are NOT able to pass through:
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a.
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solids. |
c.
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gases. |
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b.
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liquids. |
d.
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solids, liquids, and gases. |
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8.
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When an earthquake on one side of Earth produces S-waves there is a large area on the other side where they can’t be detected. This is called the:
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a.
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S-shadow. |
b.
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P-shadow. |
c.
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S-zone. |
d.
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P-zone. |
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9.
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P-waves are able to travel through:
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a.
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liquids. |
b.
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solids. |
c.
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gases. |
d.
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liquids, solids, and gases. |
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10.
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S-waves are NOT able to pass through Earth’s outer core because it is:
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a.
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solid. |
b.
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liquid. |
c.
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gas. |
d.
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empty space. |
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11.
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The outermost layer of Earth is called the:
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a.
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crust. |
b.
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mantle. |
c.
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aesthenosphere. |
d.
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lithosphere. |
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Figure 7-1A
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12.
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The mantle is about 2,900 km thick and is warm and soft enough to flow. Which layer in Figure 7-1A is the mantle?
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13.
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The lithosphere includes the crust and the upper mantle. Which layer in Figure 7-1A is the lithosphere?
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14.
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The inner core is made mostly of iron and is solid. Which layer in Figure 7-1A is the inner core?
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15.
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The outer core is made of iron and is liquid. Which layer in Figure 7-1A is the outer core?
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16.
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Because of the enormous pressure, the inner core is a:
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a.
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liquid. |
b.
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solid. |
c.
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gas. |
d.
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solid and liquid. |
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17.
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The center of Earth is referred to as the:
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a.
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crust. |
b.
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mantle. |
c.
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lithosphere. |
d.
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core. |
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18.
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Continental crust is approximately how thick?
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a.
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3 km |
b.
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5 km |
c.
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30 km |
d.
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50 km |
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19.
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The layer of Earth between the crust and the core is the:
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a.
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lithosphere. |
b.
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aesthenosphere. |
c.
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mantle. |
d.
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outer core. |
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20.
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Earth’s magnetic field is generated by powerful electric waves in the:
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a.
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inner core. |
b.
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outer core. |
c.
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mantle. |
d.
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aesthenosphere. |
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21.
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Which of the following is the correct order for the layers of Earth from coolest temperature to warmest temperature?
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a.
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Crust, mantle, core |
c.
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Core, mantle, crust |
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b.
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Mantle, crust, core |
d.
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None of the above |
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22.
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As you move from the surface of Earth to the inner core, what happens to the temperature?
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a.
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It increases |
c.
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It stays the same |
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b.
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It decreases |
d.
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It increases, then decreases |
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23.
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The lithosphere consists of:
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a.
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the inner and outer core. |
c.
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the crust and upper mantle. |
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b.
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the outer core and mantle. |
d.
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the crust and the aesthenosphere. |
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24.
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Oceanic crust is composed mainly of which type of rock?
|
a.
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Granite |
b.
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Basalt |
c.
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Pumice |
d.
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Sandstone |
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25.
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Continental crust is primarily composed of which rock?
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a.
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Granite |
b.
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Basalt |
c.
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Pumice |
d.
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Sandstone |
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26.
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Oceanic crust is ____ than continental crust.
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a.
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more dense |
b.
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less dense |
c.
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thicker |
d.
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heavier |
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27.
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Less buoyant, denser materials have settled closer to which layer of Earth?
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a.
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Continental crust |
b.
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Oceanic crust |
c.
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Lithosphere |
d.
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Core |
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28.
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Which two elements are common on Earth’s surface?
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a.
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Aluminum and silicon |
c.
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Silicon and iron |
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b.
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Aluminum and iron |
d.
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Iron and nickel |
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29.
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Mountain ranges on the continental crust cause the crust to:
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a.
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float higher on the mantle. |
c.
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rise away from the mantle. |
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b.
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push down into the mantle. |
d.
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melt completely in the mantle. |
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30.
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As you move from the surface of Earth to the inner core, what happens to the density of the materials of each layer?
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a.
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Density increases |
c.
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Density stays the same |
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b.
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Density decreases |
d.
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Density increases, then decreases |
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31.
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If a large glacier located on continental crust were to melt away, it would cause the crust to:
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a.
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float higher above the mantle. |
c.
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turn into oceanic crust. |
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b.
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sink lower into the mantle. |
d.
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break into many pieces. |
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32.
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Seismic tomography is a means to create a three-dimensional image of Earth’s interior using:
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a.
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seismic waves. |
c.
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electronic earthquake detectors. |
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b.
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computers. |
d.
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All of the above |
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