Name: 
 

Earth Science -- Chapter 7 -- Heat Inside Earth



Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 1. 

The distance from Earth’s surface to its center is about:
a.
6.4 km
b.
64 km
c.
640 km
d.
6,400 km
 

 2. 

Vibrations that travel through Earth’s interior are known as:
a.
crust waves.
b.
earthquake waves.
c.
seismic waves.
d.
shock waves.
 

 3. 

Seismic waves are formed from disturbances such as:
a.
earthquakes and human-made blasts.
c.
volcanoes and human-made blasts.
b.
earthquakes and volcanoes.
d.
None of the above
 

 4. 

A scientist who studies seismic waves is called a:
a.
seismologist.
b.
geologist.
c.
volcanologist.
d.
paleontologist.
 

 5. 

Seismic waves that move with a forward and backward motion are called:
a.
S-waves.
b.
P-waves.
c.
L-waves.
d.
E-waves.
 

 6. 

Seismic waves that move through Earth with a side-to-side motion are called:
a.
S-waves.
b.
P-waves.
c.
L-waves.
d.
E-waves.
 

 7. 

S-waves are NOT able to pass through:
a.
solids.
c.
gases.
b.
liquids.
d.
solids, liquids, and gases.
 

 8. 

When an earthquake on one side of Earth produces S-waves there is a large area on the other side where they can’t be detected. This is called the:
a.
S-shadow.
b.
P-shadow.
c.
S-zone.
d.
P-zone.
 

 9. 

P-waves are able to travel through:
a.
liquids.
b.
solids.
c.
gases.
d.
liquids, solids, and gases.
 

 10. 

S-waves are NOT able to pass through Earth’s outer core because it is:
a.
solid.
b.
liquid.
c.
gas.
d.
empty space.
 

 11. 

The outermost layer of Earth is called the:
a.
crust.
b.
mantle.
c.
aesthenosphere.
d.
lithosphere.
 
 


Figure 7-1A
 

 12. 

The mantle is about 2,900 km thick and is warm and soft enough to flow. Which layer in Figure 7-1A is the mantle?
a.
A
b.
B
c.
C
d.
D
 

 13. 

The lithosphere includes the crust and the upper mantle. Which layer in Figure 7-1A is the lithosphere?
a.
A
b.
B
c.
C
d.
D
 

 14. 

The inner core is made mostly of iron and is solid. Which layer in Figure 7-1A is the inner core?
a.
A
b.
B
c.
C
d.
D
 

 15. 

The outer core is made of iron and is liquid. Which layer in Figure 7-1A is the outer core?
a.
A
b.
B
c.
C
d.
D
 

 16. 

Because of the enormous pressure, the inner core is a:
a.
liquid.
b.
solid.
c.
gas.
d.
solid and liquid.
 

 17. 

The center of Earth is referred to as the:
a.
crust.
b.
mantle.
c.
lithosphere.
d.
core.
 

 18. 

Continental crust is approximately how thick?
a.
3 km
b.
5 km
c.
30 km
d.
50 km
 

 19. 

The layer of Earth between the crust and the core is the:
a.
lithosphere.
b.
aesthenosphere.
c.
mantle.
d.
outer core.
 

 20. 

Earth’s magnetic field is generated by powerful electric waves in the:
a.
inner core.
b.
outer core.
c.
mantle.
d.
aesthenosphere.
 

 21. 

Which of the following is the correct order for the layers of Earth from coolest temperature to warmest temperature?
a.
Crust, mantle, core
c.
Core, mantle, crust
b.
Mantle, crust, core
d.
None of the above
 

 22. 

As you move from the surface of Earth to the inner core, what happens to the temperature?
a.
It increases
c.
It stays the same
b.
It decreases
d.
It increases, then decreases
 

 23. 

The lithosphere consists of:
a.
the inner and outer core.
c.
the crust and upper mantle.
b.
the outer core and mantle.
d.
the crust and the aesthenosphere.
 

 24. 

Oceanic crust is composed mainly of which type of rock?
a.
Granite
b.
Basalt
c.
Pumice
d.
Sandstone
 

 25. 

Continental crust is primarily composed of which rock?
a.
Granite
b.
Basalt
c.
Pumice
d.
Sandstone
 

 26. 

Oceanic crust is ____ than continental crust.
a.
more dense
b.
less dense
c.
thicker
d.
heavier
 

 27. 

Less buoyant, denser materials have settled closer to which layer of Earth?
a.
Continental crust
b.
Oceanic crust
c.
Lithosphere
d.
Core
 

 28. 

Which two elements are common on Earth’s surface?
a.
Aluminum and silicon
c.
Silicon and iron
b.
Aluminum and iron
d.
Iron and nickel
 

 29. 

Mountain ranges on the continental crust cause the crust to:
a.
float higher on the mantle.
c.
rise away from the mantle.
b.
push down into the mantle.
d.
melt completely in the mantle.
 

 30. 

As you move from the surface of Earth to the inner core, what happens to the density of the materials of each layer?
a.
Density increases
c.
Density stays the same
b.
Density decreases
d.
Density increases, then decreases
 

 31. 

If a large glacier located on continental crust were to melt away, it would cause the crust to:
a.
float higher above the mantle.
c.
turn into oceanic crust.
b.
sink lower into the mantle.
d.
break into many pieces.
 

 32. 

Seismic tomography is a means to create a three-dimensional image of Earth’s interior using:
a.
seismic waves.
c.
electronic earthquake detectors.
b.
computers.
d.
All of the above