True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
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1.
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The huge landmass composed of earlier forms of today’s continents was named Pangaea by Alfred Wegener.
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2.
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Continental plates are composed of basalt, and are thicker and less dense than oceanic plates.
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3.
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Harry Hess summarized his finding of mid-ocean ridges, new and old rock locations, and magnetic banding by calling his idea sea-floor spreading.
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4.
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The boundary where two lithospheric plates are moving apart from each other is referred to as a divergent plate boundary.
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5.
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Old crust is consumed into the mantle at a transform plate boundary.
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6.
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Scientists have used volcanoes to help locate transform plate boundaries.
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7.
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Metamorphic rocks are formed from intense heat and pressure at convergent plate boundaries.
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8.
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Basalt is a metamorphic rock that is usually formed when limestone is subjected to intense heat and pressure.
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9.
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Sea-floor spreading is the tectonic process that occurs at subduction zones.
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Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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10.
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____ was the scientist who put forth the idea of continental drift.
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a.
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Charles Darwin |
c.
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Isaac Newton |
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b.
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Alfred Wegener |
d.
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Thomas Edison |
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11.
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The idea that continents move slowly on Earth’s surface is known as:
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a.
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sea-floor spreading. |
c.
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continental drift. |
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b.
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subduction. |
d.
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convection cells. |
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12.
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____ is the name given to the ancient supercontinent composed of earlier forms of today’s continents.
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a.
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Pangea |
c.
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Gondwanaland |
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b.
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Laurasia |
d.
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Bronson Hill |
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13.
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Wegener’s evidence for continental drift included all of the following EXCEPT:
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a.
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matching plant fossils. |
c.
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matching river beds. |
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b.
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matching mountain ranges. |
d.
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matching coal beds. |
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14.
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Large pieces of Earth’s crust that move over the aesthenosphere are known as:
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a.
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lithospheric plates. |
c.
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metamorphic plates. |
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b.
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crustal plates. |
d.
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mid-ocean ridges. |
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15.
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What type of rock is continental crust primarily made of?
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a.
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Granite |
c.
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Limestone |
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b.
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Basalt |
d.
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Marble |
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16.
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What type of rock is oceanic crust primarily made of?
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a.
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Granite |
c.
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Limestone |
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b.
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Basalt |
d.
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Marble |
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17.
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The sinking of one lithospheric plate under another lithospheric plate is known as:
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a.
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sea-floor spreading. |
c.
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divergence. |
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b.
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subduction. |
d.
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rifting. |
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18.
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Which scientist’s work inspired a tremendous surge in scientific progress on the topic of plate tectonics?
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a.
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Wegener |
c.
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Pangaea |
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b.
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Hess |
d.
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Einstein |
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19.
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Long chains of undersea mountains are known as:
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a.
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deep-ocean trenches. |
c.
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rift-valleys. |
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b.
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hot spots. |
d.
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mid-ocean ridges. |
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20.
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What type of landform is formed by a mantle plume hot spot?
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a.
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Rift valley |
c.
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Mountain |
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b.
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Island chain |
d.
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Fault |
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21.
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____ is the process by which new ocean floor is created and causes the continents to “drift”.
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a.
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Subduction |
c.
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Convection |
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b.
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Sea-floor spreading |
d.
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Converging |
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22.
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What question(s) did an understanding of plate tectonics allow us to answer?
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a.
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Why are earthquakes located where they are? |
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b.
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Why are volcanoes located where they are? |
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c.
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Why do trees have rings? |
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d.
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Both a and b |
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23.
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One of the main pieces of evidence for sea-floor spreading is:
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a.
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fossils. |
c.
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earthquakes. |
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b.
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coal beds. |
d.
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magnetic patterns. |
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24.
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Convection cells in ____ are responsible for the movement of tectonic plates.
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a.
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Upper Mantle |
b.
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Outer Core |
c.
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Lithosphere |
d.
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Lower Mantle |
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25.
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A rising mantle plume in the mantle may divide the lithosphere above and form a:
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a.
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deep-ocean trench. |
c.
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subduction zone. |
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b.
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mountain range. |
d.
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mid-ocean ridge. |
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26.
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A ____ boundary occurs where two plates are moving apart from each other.
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a.
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transform |
b.
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convergent |
c.
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divergent |
d.
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subduction |
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27.
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____ is the distinctive lava found at mid-ocean ridges.
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a.
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Basalt lava |
b.
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Pillow lava |
c.
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Hot Spot lava |
d.
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Pahoehoe |
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28.
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Divergent boundaries found on land are known as:
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a.
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mid-continent ridges. |
c.
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rift valleys. |
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b.
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volcanic island arc. |
d.
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trenches. |
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29.
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The valleys that form in the ocean floor when two oceanic plates collide are called:
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a.
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hot spots. |
b.
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trenches. |
c.
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ridges. |
d.
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faults. |
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30.
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Mountain ranges are most often formed at ____ boundaries.
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a.
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transform |
b.
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convergent |
c.
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divergent |
d.
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subduction |
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31.
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A ____ boundary occurs where two lithospheric plates are sliding past each other.
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a.
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transform |
b.
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convergent |
c.
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divergent |
d.
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subduction |
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32.
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The best way to detect transform faults is by the ____ they cause.
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a.
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subduction |
c.
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volcanic eruptions |
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b.
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earthquakes |
d.
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convection |
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33.
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Old crust is consumed at a ____ plate boundary.
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a.
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convergent |
b.
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divergent |
c.
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transform |
d.
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lithospheric |
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34.
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Older lithospheric plates are cooler plates, and therefore ____ than young plates.
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a.
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denser |
b.
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less dense |
c.
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larger |
d.
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smaller |
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35.
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____ are found over the rising part of a lower mantle convection cell.
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a.
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Convergent boundaries |
c.
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Transform boundaries |
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b.
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Divergent boundaries |
d.
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Subduction boundaries |
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36.
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The boundary separating the American Plate from the African Eurasion plates is:
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a.
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convergent. |
c.
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transform. |
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b.
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divergent. |
d.
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None of the above |
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37.
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Metamorphic rocks are formed from:
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a.
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cooling of magma. |
c.
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increasing heat and pressure. |
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b.
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cooling of lava. |
d.
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compaction of sediment. |
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38.
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A metamorphic rock is formed when heat and pressure change:
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a.
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igneous rocks. |
c.
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metamorphic rocks. |
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b.
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sedimentary rocks. |
d.
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All of the above |
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39.
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When limestone is squeezed in a convergent plate boundary it forms:
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a.
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marble. |
b.
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granite. |
c.
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basalt. |
d.
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gneiss. |
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Matching
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Select the correct term to complete each sentence. There are extra items in the list.
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a.
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divergent |
g.
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Pangaea |
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b.
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conduction |
h.
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oceanic |
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c.
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mid-ocean ridges |
i.
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subduction |
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d.
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ocean trench |
j.
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continental drift |
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e.
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convergent |
k.
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continental |
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f.
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convection |
l.
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divergent |
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40.
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Alfred Wegener was the German scientist who formed the theory of ..........
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41.
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The ancient supercontinent that existed 250 million years ago is called ........
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42.
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............ cells in the lower mantle drive the lithospheric plates on the surface.
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43.
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The sinking of one lithospheric plate under another is known as ..........
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44.
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............ plates are thin, dense, and composed of basalt.
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45.
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............ are long chains of undersea mountain ranges.
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46.
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............ boundaries are located where two plates are colliding with each other.
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47.
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The valley that forms on the ocean floor where two ocean plates collide is known as a ............
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